Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that spreads through the air via coughs, sneezes, or direct contact with respiratory droplets. It mainly affects children but can infect anyone who is not vaccinated.
Key Symptoms
Symptoms usually appear 7–14 days after exposure, and include:
- High fever
- Cough
- Runny nose
- Red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis)
- Tiny white spots inside the mouth (Koplik spots)
- Red, blotchy rash starting on the face/hairline and spreading down the body
How It Spreads
- Measles virus lives in the nose and throat mucus.
- It can stay in the air for up to 2 hours after an infected person has left.
- One person with measles can infect 90% of nearby unvaccinated people.
Prevention
- Vaccination
- MMR vaccine (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) is safe and highly effective.
- Two doses are 97% effective at preventing measles.
- Immunize early
- First dose: 12–15 months old
- Second dose: 4–6 years old
- Unvaccinated adults and teens can still get vaccinated.
What Caregivers Should Do
- Isolate the patient: Keep them away from others to avoid spread, especially babies, pregnant women, and immunocompromised people.
- Call ahead if visiting a doctor or hospital—don’t just show up. This helps avoid infecting others.
- Supportive care:
- Give fluids
- Use fever reducers (like acetaminophen or ibuprofen)
- Ensure rest and good nutrition
- Watch for complications, especially:
- Ear infections
- Diarrhea
- Pneumonia
- Encephalitis (brain swelling)
- In rare cases, death
Fast Facts
- Measles can be serious in young children, elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.
- There’s no specific antiviral treatment—prevention is key.
- Outbreaks can occur where vaccination rates are low.
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